What term refers to the monetary compensation one seeks to recover from another?

The term that refers to the monetary compensation one seeks to recover from another is "damages." In a legal context, damages signify the amount awarded to a party for loss or injury suffered as a result of another party's actions or negligence. This recovery is primarily aimed at making the injured party whole again, financially, for the loss they incurred. Damages can encompass various forms, including compensatory damages, which are specifically intended to cover direct losses, and punitive damages, which are aimed at penalizing wrongful conduct.

While terms like punitive damages, restitution, and compensatory claims relate to aspects of financial recovery, they do not encapsulate the broad and general definition that "damages" signifies in law. This makes "damages" the appropriate term representing the comprehensive idea of seeking monetary recovery in legal cases.